Healthcare spend is on an unsustainable trajectory. Medical loss ratios (MLRs) for health plans are up — ranging from 88% to 95% for national health plans at the end of 2024.1 The top medical cost drivers for health plans in 2025, as identified by Advisory Board, are drug spend, higher utilization, increases in the prevalence of chronic conditions, and new medical technologies and treatments.
As health plans strive to optimize medical spending while simultaneously enhancing the care quality, clinical leaders consistently seek robust benchmarks. Below are clinical benchmarks for both commercial and Medicare Advantage populations, derived from Optum Advisory’s Clinical Benchmarking Toolkit.
Commercial | Medicare Advantage | |||
Well managed (25th percentile) | Poorly managed (75th percentile) | Well managed (25th percentile) | Poorly managed (75th percentile) | |
Inpatient metrics | ||||
Inpatient admissions rate | 37.65 | 42.04 | 179.91 | 206.57 |
Inpatient readmissions (30-day) | .06 | .08 | .16 | .18 |
One-day inpatient admissions | 6.84 | 8.25 | 37.89 | 56.19 |
Inpatient length of stay | 4.12 | 4.49 | 5.92 | 6.98 |
Observation rate | 9.3 | 15.1 | 19.84 | 37.74 |
Office visits rate | 2986.3 | 3367.4 | 5996.7 | 7368.17 |
Inpatient admissions greater than 15-day length of stay | .03 | .04 | .09 | .12 |
Surgery rates | ||||
Back surgery rate | .87 | 1.21 | 3.15 | 4.47 |
Total hip replacement rate | .74 | 1.04 | 4.41 | 6.29 |
Total knee replacement rate | .89 | 1.48 | 8.39 | 10.92 |
Avoidable rates | ||||
Avoidable admissions rate | 2.51 | 3.29 | 30.29 | 42.14 |
Avoidable ED rate | 39.47 | 59.86 | 68.98 | 93.09 |
Below are our five takeaways and recommendations based on these benchmarks:
Some plans (and providers) differ in how they measure even the most standardized clinical metrics. Almost every plan we talked to had different methodologies for their benchmarks so note that you cannot directly compare your plan to another without asking about their methodology.
We hear many plans debating benchmark methodology instead of improving on the measure. While you need benchmarks to be specific (to your membership) and timely (rather than years old), don’t let perfect be the enemy of good. Whether you are 5% below the average or 35% below the average, the takeaway is that you need to improve in that area.
While benchmarks can be invaluable, it is essential to consider other balanced scorecard metrics, including regulatory requirements, member experience, health equity, and physician experience. Over-indexing on utilization alone can lead to a narrow focus that overlooks other critical aspects of healthcare management.
Make sure you know how you will use benchmarks before you go hunting for them. For example, you could use these benchmarks to prioritize your plan’s clinical investments for this year, to explain to your provider partners why they should participate in a certain initiative, and to set realistic goals for your team.
Although benchmarks can help you set realistic goals for your team, do not mistakenly think that hitting the benchmark is the goal. Being average shouldn’t be your goal. Even if you’re average on all clinical metrics, you’re still going to face cost challenges until you are excelling in clinical cost management and care quality.
1 Humana beats profit estimates on less-than-feared demand for surgeries. Reuters. August 2, 2023; Cass A. Centene posts $1.1B profit in Q2. Beckers Hospital Review. July 31, 2023; Halleman S. Elevance raised 2023 profit forecast on easing fears over medical costs. Reuters. October 18, 2023; Centene corporation reports third quarter 2023 results. Centene Corporation. 2023; Emerson J. UnitedHealth Group posts $5.5B profit in forth quarter. Beckers Hospital Review. January 12, 2024.; Emerson J. Humana posts $541M loss in fourth quarter. Beckers Hospital Review. January 25, 2024.; Diamond F. CVS cuts 2024 outlook amid rise in medical costs in Q4. Fierce Healthcare. February 7, 2024.; Emerson J. Cigna posts $1B profit in Q4. Beckers Hospital Review. February 2, 2024; Pifer R. Elevance controls medical costs to $6B profit in 2023. Healthcare Dive. January 24, 2024; Emerson J. Centene records 88% marketplace enrollment growth in 2023. Beckers Hospital Review. February 6, 2024; Wilson R. Payers ranked by medical loss rations in Q1. Beckers Hospital Review. May 6, 2024; Pifer R.
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