Population changes and disease prevalence

+ An aging population will contribute to higher rates of CV diseases and increase need for complex inpatient services

+ An increase in cardiometabolic risk factors will increase CV events

+ Younger generations are getting sicker earlier than previous generations and seeking out more medical and preventive cardiology services

Technology adoption

– Minimally invasive and non-interventional techniques reduce inpatient surgical demand

– Increased remote patient monitoring (RPM) may reduce readmissions

– Increased utilization RPM may prevent hospital readmission

– Increased AI adoption to accurately diagnose CV diseases earlier can prevent hospitalization

– Increasing device costs and narrower margins will limit health system investment in service expansion and new tech adoption

– Mobile apps, telehealth, remote patient monitoring and wearable devices may reduce frequency of in-office visits for ongoing monitoring

+ Advancements and reimbursement changes in diagnostic imaging will contribute to increased supply and demand for select outpatient procedures

Insurance changes

– Insurance plan steerage to lower cost care sites will lower utilization in the hospital

– CMS’s expansion of the ASC covered procedure list will result in a gradual shift to HOPD and ASC sites (e.g., cardiac cath)

+ Updates to the ASC covered procedures list will enable the shift of select procedures to the outpatient setting

– Growth in the uninsured population and enrollment in high-deductible health plans will lower utilization of primary and secondary prevention of CV disease

Care management

– Value-based payment initiatives reduce unplanned hospital admissions

– Better management of obesity may decrease the rate of CV events