Daily Briefing

The state of today's nursing workforce, in 5 charts


To kick off National Nurses Month, a report from the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) reveals key insights into the state of the nursing workforce, including employment changes over the last two years, feelings of burnout, and intent to leave. 

The current state of the nursing workforce

Every two years, NCSBN and the National Forum of State Nursing Workforce Centers conduct a comprehensive national survey of the U.S. nursing workforce, which includes RNs, advanced practice registered nurses, and licensed practical nurses/licensed vocational nurses (LPNs/LVNs). Researchers surveyed over 800,000 nurses across the United States between March 25, 2024, and Dec. 31, 2024.

Overall, there were 5,641,311 RNs and 968,948 LPNS/LVNs at the start of 2024. The median age of both RNs and LPNs/LVNs was 50 years old. The primary practice settings for nurses were hospitals and nursing homes/extended care facilities.

Since 2022, nurse employment levels have improved slightly, with 87.7% of RN licensees and 70.6% of LPN/LVN licensees actively employed in nursing. In addition, over 73% of RNs now hold a baccalaureate degree or higher, putting the workforce at the highest educational level ever recorded by NCSBN.

However, even with these improvements, over 138,000 nurses left the workforce between 2022 and 2024. This continues a trend of substantial departures over the last few years. During the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, around 100,000 nurses left the workforce. Aside from retirement, the most common reasons for leaving were stress, burnout, workload, understaffing, inadequate pay, and workplace violence. 

When asked about their well-being, fewer nurses reported feeling emotionally drained, used up, fatigued, burned out, or at the end of their rope in 2024 compared to 2022. However, a significant number of nurses still reported having some of these feelings at least a few days a week. 

More nurses intend to leave in the next 5 years

According to the report, approximately 40% of nurses said they plan to leave nursing within the next five years, whether due to retirement or another reason. LPNs/LVNs were slightly more likely to say that they planned to leave nursing for reasons other than retiring compared to RNs (22.7% vs 18%, respectively). 

Aside from retirement, the most common reasons nurses said they planned to leave the profession in the next five years were stress and burnout, workload, understaffing, and inadequate salary. 

 

"While we have seen some improvements, staffing challenges, stress and burnout, and workforce safety are issues that have permeated the nursing industry before, during and after the pandemic and are still challenges," said NCSBN CEO Phil Dickison. "We can no longer use COVID-19 as an excuse as to why nurses are leaving the workforce. We can infer that while hospitals continue to prioritize investments in mental health and other support services for nurses since the pandemic, structural issues that predated the pandemic remain."

"It is necessary to continue efforts to retain more experienced nurses and address longstanding factors associated with nurses' premature intent to leave, ensuring dependable workforce planning moving forward," Dickison added.

Advisory Board's Nursing resources

For more insights on nursing, check out these  Advisory Board  resources:

  • This expert insight outlines the three underlying causes of nurse recruitment and retention challenges and offers ways for leaders to address them.
  • This research explains four ways to retain early-career nurses, while
  • Another expert insight describes five ongoing challenges of the workforce crisis and how leaders can address them.
  • We also offer recommendations on how to stabilize the RN workforce, as well as a decision guide on technologies that can help address clinical workforce challenges. 
  • This featured page can also help leaders find resources to boost recruitment and retention, optimize technology, and better support

(Carbajal, Becker's Hospital Review, 4/17; NCSBN press release, 4/17; Smiley, et al., Journal of Nursing Regulation, accessed 5/1)


Advisory Board's take

What you can do to improve the future of nursing

By Anne Schmidt and Ali Knight

Nurse retention is a pressing issue, with 40% of nurses planning to leave the workforce by 2029. To address this, healthcare organizations must focus on strategies that enhance career growth, meaningful recognition, and workplace well-being — all deeply connected to mattering at work. In the Harvard Business Review article "The Power of Mattering at Work," Zach Mercurio highlights how employees who feel valued experience higher engagement, satisfaction, and commitment to their roles. For nurses, this means ensuring their expertise is acknowledged, their contributions are recognized, and their professional development is prioritized.

Mattering in nursing is reinforced through personalized appreciation and workplace autonomy. Nurses want to see their efforts actively recognized through peer appreciation programs, milestone celebrations, or leadership pathways. Tailoring these recognition efforts to individual preferences — using the five languages of appreciation — ensures nurses feel genuinely valued.

For example, words of affirmation through sincere praise and quality time through mentorship programs create a culture of genuine appreciation. Additionally, allowing greater autonomy in scheduling, patient care decisions, and leadership opportunities strengthen nurses' sense of control and purpose, reinforcing their commitment to the profession.

Beyond recognition, safety and workplace security remain critical retention factors, as highlighted in the NCSBN report. Nurses facing workplace violence, burnout, or excessive stress are more likely to disengage. Violence prevention strategies — including de-escalation training, security enhancements, and peer support — are essential.

Organizations must integrate safety initiatives with appreciation efforts, reinforcing a workplace where nurses feel secure, valued, and empowered in their roles.

The NCSBN report underscores the crucial need for healthcare organizations to prioritize nurse retention strategies. Organizations can combat burnout and workforce shortages by fostering a culture where nurses feel valued through recognition, autonomy, and career development. Investing in mattering at work isn't just about job satisfaction; it's a necessary step toward securing the future of nursing and ensuring high-quality patient care.

(Mercurio, Harvard Business Review, accessed 5/1)

Healthcare consulting services

Optum Advisory offers comprehensive services to partner with organizations to implement solutions based on their unique market position and strategic financial goals.


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