^*These endnotes are based on the data in the graphs.

¹ U.S. data is featured for cases whose MS-DRG(s) measure the same specific procedure as ICD codes from the OECD database. The exception is total hip and knee replacements. In the U.S., MS-DRGs 469 and 470 (major hip and knee joint replacement or reattachment of lower extremity without/with MCC or total ankle replacement) do not differentiate between hips versus knees. We included the data in the analysis to indicate the “art of the possible,” as the U.S.’s total joint replacement non-inpatient rate far outpaces that of any other nation.

² Australian data is from 2021 for all procedures. We will update the analysis when 2022 data is reported to the OECD database.

³ Denmark has a time series break in 2020 for all cases except for laparoscopic hysterectomy. Denmark also has a time series break in 2022 for cataract surgery.

⁴ Ireland has a time series break in 2020 for all procedures.

⁵ Spain has a time series break in 2020 for total mastectomy.

⁶ Estonia’s values are reported as estimates in 2020 and 2021 for tonsillectomy, laparoscopic appendectomy, laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair, and laparoscopic hysterectomy.

⁷ Italy’s values are reported as estimates in 2020, 2021, and 2022 for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair

⁸ Mexico’s values are reported as estimates in 2020, 2021, and 2022 for tonsillectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and inguinal hernia repair.

⁹ The United Kingdom’s values are reported as estimates in 2021 and 2022 for all procedures.